Unit 5 · Animal Form and Function

A/L Biology

• Animal tissues
• Nutrition and the human digestive system
• Digestion, absorption and the liver
• Balanced diet, nutritional disorders and gut disorders
• Circulatory systems in animals
• The human heart and the cardiac cycle
• Blood vessels, blood and the lymphatic system
• Blood pressure and cardiovascular disease
• Gas exchange surfaces in animals
• The human respiratory system and ventilation
• Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide, and respiratory disorders
• Pathogens and innate (non-specific) immunity
• Adaptive immunity and antibodies
• Vaccination, immunity types and blood groups
• Excretion and osmoregulation in animals
• The human urinary system, the kidney and the nephron
• Urine formation, osmoregulation and kidney disorders
• The neurone, nerve impulse and synapse
• The human nervous system and reflex action
• The human brain, its disorders and drugs
• The eye and vision
• The ear, balance and other sense receptors
• The endocrine system and hormones
• Homeostasis: blood glucose and body temperature
• Support, muscle contraction and locomotion
• Human reproductive systems and gametogenesis
• The menstrual cycle, fertilisation, pregnancy and birth
• Contraception, infertility, sexually transmitted infections and reproductive health